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05 / 06
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Inspired Authors or Inspired Text? What’s the Difference?

This is a question about the doctrine of biblical inspiration, and I think it is a crucial difference between these two. Many people think that the authors of Scripture were inspired; that somehow the Holy Spirit came upon them and perhaps spoke to them or led them to write what they did. And one of the difficulties with that view is that it tends to imply a sort of dictation theory of inspiration where the human authors are reduced to mere stenographers just being moved by the impulse of the Holy Spirit upon them. That doesn't allow for full expression of their own individuality, their personalities, their education, their human emotions, and so forth. That seems to just get steamrollered by this notion that Scripture is the product of inspired authors. Now, in fact, what the Scripture says about itself in this regard is not that the authors are inspired but that the text itself is inspired. 2 Timothy 3:16 says all Scripture is inspired by God and therefore profitable for various purposes. And the word there "inspired" means literally “God-breathed.” Scripture itself – the text – is breathed out by God; it is God's Word to us. So it's not that the authors of Scripture are inspired so much, but that the final product that is produced is inspired by God. It is God's message to us, and therefore profitable in these various ways. And the question then for the philosophical theologian is to craft a theory of inspiration which will allow for the text to be verbally and plenarily inspired, and yet to be both the product of the human author and the product of God. And I've attempted to provide such a theory of inspiration through the doctrine of middle knowledge.